(Ему починили часы)

1. В каузативной конструкции подлежащее не является деятелем (не выполяет действие само) но! организовывает его или просит у профессионала выполнить действие.

She designs clothes (active verb ). - She has clothes designed . (Для её разработают дизайн одежды)

She wants to design clothes (active infinitive ). - She wants to have clothes designed . (Она хочет, чтобы для неё разработали дизайн одежды).

She likes designing clothes (-ing форма ). - She likes having clothes designed . (Она любит, когда для неё разрабатывают дизайн одежды).

Active

Causative Construction

Present Simple

He paints the wall

He has the wall painted

Present Continuous

He is painting the wall

He is having the wall painted

Past Simple

He painted the wall

He had the wall painted

Past Continuous

He was painting the wall

He was having the wall painted

Future Simple

He will paint the wall

He will have the wall painted

Future Continuous

He will be painting the wall

He will be having the wall painted

Present Perfect

He has painted the wall

He has had the wall painted

Present Perfect Continuous

He has been painting the wall

He has been having the wall painted

Past Perfect

He had painted the wall

He had had the wall painted

Past Perfect Continuous

He had been painting the wall

He had been having the wall painted

Infinitive

He wants to paint the wall

He wants to have the wall painted

ing- form

He likes painting the wall

He likes having the wall painted

2. Чтобы задать вопрос или образовать отрицательную форму, добавляем вспомогательный глагол c частицей not в зависимости от времени в предложении. Например, добавляем don"t/doesn"t для Present Simple или didn"t для Past Simple.

Jack hasn"t (has not) had his jeans washed . (Джеку не постирали джинсы).

Present Perfect

3. В разговорной речи обычно используется get вместо have.

Did Mary have/get her hair dyed ? (Мери покрасилась?)

4. Каузативные конструкции часто используются вместо пассивного залога, когда мы говорим о несчастных случаях или неудачах.

Adam had his phone stolen . (вместо Adam"s phone was stolen )

Если в формуле на месте дополнения стоит лицо, в таком случае каузативный оборот имеет значение "возложить на кого-то ответственность сделать что-либо".

Please, have your secretary make a copy of the last project.

Dr.Brainard had the nurse make an injection.

1. Если вместо глагола have может употребляется глагол make со значением "заставить кого-либо сделать что либо"

My mother made me apologize for what I had said.

Who made you wear this ugly shirt?

My grandmother makes me do homework every day.

2. Вместо have также может употребляться глагол get, который имеет более разговорную окраску и означает "убедить, втянуть кого-либо в что-нибудь"

Mary got her daughter to get the medicine.

How can teachers get pupils to read more?

The government tries to get people to stop smoking.

Обратите внимание!!! после глагола get в каузативном обороте инфинитив употребляется с частицей to!!!

He got the mechanic to check the brakes.- Он убедил механика проверить тормоза.

He had the mechanic check the brakes. - Он попросил механика проверить тормоза.


have

1 Emily ...has...

2 The Campbells ...............................their kitchen painted at the moment.

3 I ...............................my hair cut short last week because I needed a change.

4 He...................................his car serviced by the mechanic next Tuesday.

5 She ...................................................her carpets fitted yesterday when I called.

6 I....................just ..............................my picture taken by a professional photographer.

8 Steve ..........................his wallet stolen while he was doing the shopping.

10 I always.............................my rubbish collected on Fridays.

have , make or get , as in the example.

1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Progress Check (Module 5, Causative)

Starlight 10

1 Complete the sentences by putting the verb have into the correct form, as in the example.

1 Emily ...has... her newspaper delivered every morning by her neighbour"s son.

2 The Campbells ...............................their kitchenpainted at the moment.

3 I ...............................my hair cut short last weekbecause I needed a change.

4 He...................................his car serviced by themechanic next Tuesday.

5 She ...................................................her carpetsfitted yesterday when I called.

6 I....................just ..............................my picturetaken by a professional photographer.

8 Steve ..........................his wallet stolen while hewas doing the shopping.

9 I .........................my jeans shortened tomorrow.

10 I always.............................my rubbish collectedon Fridays.

3 Rephrase the following using have , make or get , as in the example.

1. Jack insisted that we organize a surprise party for our friend Mike.

2. My grandma often asks me to do the washing-up.

3. His ankle was sprained in a ski accident.

5. I think Molly will tell John to write down a shopping list.

4. She can easily persuade anyone to do something.

5. I think Molly will tell John to make a shopping list.

2 Rewrite the following sentences in the causative form, as in the example.

1 Holly is going to ask the seamstress to sew her dress.

...She is going to have her dress sewn (by the seamstress)....

2 Someone has tidied the garden for Mark.

3 When will they fix his telephone?

4 Pat pays someone to clean the windows every week.

5 Can you tell someone to move those boxes?

6 When will they deliver Dan"s sofa?

7 Sally is going to ask the travel agent to book the tickets.

8 Howard should ask someone to deliver the package.

9 When will you service the car?

10 Pay someone to make the curtains for you.

11 Someone has shortened Alison"s skirt.

12 Doug is going to ask the bank to pay some bills for him.

Каузативная конструкция используется, когда говорящий не сам выполняет действие, а побуждает кого-то другого его совершить.

Давайте рассмотрим два примера:

Пример:

1. I paint my house every spring. (Do I paint it? Yes, I do it myself.)

2. I have my house painted every spring. (Do I paint it? No, I find some painters and they paint it for me.)

So, when we want to say that we cause (arrange, force, allow, convince) someone to do something for us, we use the causative form.

Существует 2 вида каузативных конструкций - активная и пассивная.

Активный, или действительный, каузатив означает распоряжение, принуждение кого-либо к деятельности и употребляется с глаголами - let, make, have, get.

Образуется он по следующей модели:

Subject + let/make/have/get + object + infinitive

1. Let используется для выражения позволения:

Пример :

She lets me borrow her clothes.

2. Make используется для выражения принуждения:

Пример :

My mother makes me do the washing up.

3. Have используется, когда мы передаем ответственность за выполнение действия другому человеку, даем приказы или инструкции.

Пример:

I had my assistant type the report. - Мой секретарь напечатал отчет. (По моему распоряжению)

4. Get используется, когда мы хотим убедить или обманом заставить кого-то что-то сделать.

Пример:

I got my daughter to eat the whole breakfast. - Я смогла уговорить дочь съесть весь завтрак.

Примечание : В конструкции с get используется частичка to перед инфинитивом.

Пассивный каузатив означает устройство (организацию) чего-либо самостоятельно или с помощью других людей. Он употребляется с глаголами have и get.

Subject + have/get + object + past participle

Пример:

They had their car repaired. (Someone repaired the car for them. They arranged it)

Сравните:

They repaired their car. (They did it themselves)

She got the plates washed. (She asked John to wash the plates.)

Если мы хотим указать, кто выполняет действие, то мы добавляем by + агент действия .

Пример:

He’s having his tattoo done by one of the best experts in the city.

Have vs get

Глагол get в данной конструкции считается более разговорным и, таким образом, используется преимущественно в разговорной речи. Кроме этого, get подразумевает всю подготовку к действию, а have - только результат самого действия.

Пример:

I got all my work done yesterday. - Вчера я разделался со всей своей работой.

Don’t get your family involved in the business. - Не впутывай свою семью в это дело.

He’s having her house painted. - Ее дом сейчас красят.

My mother has had her letter published in the newspaper. - Письмо моей матери напечатали в газете.

Каузативные конструкции могут использоваться вместо пассивного залога, когда мы говорим о несчастных случаях или неудачах.

Пример:

Adam had his phone stolen. (Adam’s phone was stolen)

They had their garden destroyed by the storm.

В каузативных конструкциях можно использовать модальные глаголы:

Пример:

You should have your hair cut.

I have to get children get up early in the morning.

Давайте потренируемся выполнять задания:

1. She ________________ that he wouldn’t tell anyone.

a) made him promise

b) made him promised

c) promised to make

2. My tooth still hurts. I have to get a dentist ___________ soon.

b) to look at it

c) to get it looked at it

3. I ______________ a couple of days ago.

a) had my bike to be fixed

b) had my bike fix

c) had my bike fixed

4. I will not ______________ with this!

a) make you get away

b) let you get away

c) get you get away

5. The movie _____________ sad.

b) made him feel

c) made him to feel

6. I ______________ from my other address.

a) have my mail forwarded

b) make my mail forwarded

c) get my mail forwarded

7. Don’t _____________ these things about you!

b) let him to say

8. Have your assistant __________ these letters immediately.

9. He ____________ yesterday.

a) had his hair cut

b) got his hair to be cut

c) let hair to be cut

10. The professor __________ early.

a) to let the students leave

b) let the students leave

c) let the students to leave

Проверьте себя:

Список литературы

  1. Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е. Английский язык 9 класс. - 2010.
  2. Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. - М.: Просвещение, 2010.
  3. Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык 9 класс. - Титул, 2007.
  4. Голицынский Ю.Б., Грамматика. Сборник упражнений - Каро, 2011.
  1. Eslbase.com ().
  2. Sprdk.blogspot.com ().
  3. Lovelylanguage.ru ().

Домашнее задание

1. Упр. 6, 7, стр. 95 Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. - М.: Просвещение, 2010;

упр. 3, стр. 56 (рабочая тетрадь) Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. - М.: Просвещение, 2010.

2. Перепишите предложения по образцу:

1. Mike is going to ask a carpenter to put the doors up. - Mike is going to have the doors put up.

2. Tony asked a mechanic to fix the car.

3. You should ask a plumber to unblock the toilet.

4. Ask the maid to tidy your room.

5. Simon is going to ask a tailor to make a suit for him.

6. Did he ask the optician to test his eyes?

7. Tommy asks his brother to do his homework.

8. The girl asked her mother to read the story to me.

9. They will ask a chef to cook the meal.

10. The report is being typed by his secretary.

Каузатив означает распоряжение, принуждение кого-либо к деятельности.

  • to get smb. to do smth. (устный бритицизм)
  • to have smb. do smth. (американизм)

I’ ll get the waiter to bring you the menu.
Я пошлю официанта за меню для тебя.

Страдательный каузатив

Страдательный каузатив означает устройство чего-либо – самому или через других.

  • to get/have smth. done

I’ll have the menu brought to you.
Я
прослежу , чтобы Вам принесли меню.

I had to get my jacket cleaned after the party.
После
вечеринки мне пришлось чистить пиджак.

I must go and have my photo taken for my new passport.
Я
должен пойти и сфоткаться на новый паспорт.

I’ll get those copies made for you immediately.
Я
достану тебе эти копии через секунду.

She’s having her teeth fixed .
Сейчас
ей лечат зубы.

We get the windows cleaned once a month.
Мы
ежемесячно заказываем мойку окон.

You should have your eyes tested .
Тебе бы надо проверить зрение.

  • to get/have smth. done by smb.

We got the house decorated by a local firm of decorators .
Мы
заказали у декораторов украшение дома.

Разница побудительных get и have

Побудительный get подразумевает самостоятельное приготовление и не используется в предвременах (совершенных или perfect).

I got the car serviced this morning.
Утром
я повозился с машиной.

I have to get the children dressed early every morning.
Приходится
одевать детей каждое утро.

Don’t get your family involved in the business.
Не
впутывай свою семью в это дело.

I got all my work done yesterday.
Вчера я разделался со всей работой.

Принудительный have подразумевает действие как результат чужой деятельности.

I’ve had my car stolen .
У
меня угнали машину.

I like having my hair done .
Люблю
стричься.

He’s had his application for citizenship turned down .
Ему
отказали в запросе гражданства.

My mother’s had her letter published in ‘The Times’.
Мамино
письмо напечатали в «Таймс ».

They had their fence pulled down .
Им
снесли забор.

Get + прошедшее причастие

Страдательный be заменяем в просторечии на get .

They got punished by the Principal for making so much noise.
Директор
наказал их за невыносимый шум.

Lucky Paul got appointed yesterday – Вчера счастливчик Пол получил должность

Poor Vasily – his dog got run over last night.
Бедный
Василий – ночью его собаку задавили.

Фразы get dressed/married/used to/stuck/lost/caught/burned/involved могут быть действительными по смыслу.

I got dressed as quickly as I could
Я
оделся как можно быстрее

If you’d brought the right map, we wouldn’t have got lost
Если
бы ты взял ту карту , мы бы не заблудились

English Joke

The physician turned from the telephone to his wife:

«I must hurry to Mrs. Jones’ boy-he’s sick.»

«Is it serious?»

«Yes. I don’t know what’s the matter with him, but she has a book on what to do before the doctor comes. So I must hurry. Whatever it is, she mustn’t do it.»