Petrakova Anastasia Mikhailovna

Bachelor

Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin

Scientific supervisor: Nekrasova Galina Andreevna, senior lecturer of the Department of Financial Management, SSU named after. Pitirim Sorokin. Orlova Valeria, Pimankina Anna, Polyakova Anastasia, Razmyslova Maria, students of the Institute of Economics and Finance of SSU named after. Pitirim Sorokina

Annotation:

This article discusses the main indicators that influence the dynamics of the population of the Komi Republic. The population structure of the Komi Republic and the Russian Federation for 2013-2017 is compared. Using correlation and regression analysis, a study is carried out of factors that have a direct impact on the population dynamics of the region. Based on the analyzed data, problems associated with an increase or decrease in population are identified. Several solutions are outlined for each of the problems based on expert assessments. The main methods of demographic forecasting are analyzed, from which the most optimal one is selected. A forecast is being made for the further dynamics of the population of the Komi Republic based on the extrapolation method.

This article considers key indicators which affect the dynamics of population of the Komi Republic. The structure of population of the Komi Republic is compared to structure of population of the Russian Federation for 2013-2017. The research of factors which makes direct impact on the dynamics of population of the region is conducted by means of the correlation and regression analysis. Problems which are connected with increase or reduction of population are allocated on the basis of the analyzed data. Several solutions are designated on each of problems on the basis of expert estimates. The main methods of demographic forecasting are analyzed, the most optimum gets out of them. The forecast of further dynamics of population of the Komi Republic is under construction on the basis of an extrapolation method.

Keywords:

Population; population analysis; Komi Republic; migration; natural growth; unemployment rate; incidence rate; natural decline; forecasting methods; population forecasting; demographic forecasting

population; analysis of population; Komi Republic; migration; natural increase; unemployment rate; incidence; natural losses; forecasting methods; forecasting of the population; demographic forecasting

UDC 332.1

Introduction

Demographic processes underlie many long-term trends that determine stable socio-economic development and national security of the country. Recently, depopulation has become one of the most significant social problems in the republic: the total population is constantly decreasing. According to the 2018 population census, about 40 towns and villages of the Komi Republic were left without inhabitants. Over the 10 years from 2007 to 2017, the permanent population of Komi decreased by 89 thousand people, the outflow of population from the republic is mainly due to migration, and in recent years there has been a decrease in natural population growth.

From time immemorial, the region was sparsely populated, but during the Soviet period the number of inhabitants began to grow rapidly. According to Rosstat, at the beginning of 2018, 840,788 people made up the population of Komi. The republic has an area of 416,774 square kilometers. Of these, 7.7% are swamps and 1.5% are water, that is, non-residential surface. Thus, the average population density of the Komi Republic is 2.02 people per square meter. km. For comparison: the region ranks 13th in the country in terms of area. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Komi is only 16th. There is only one city in the Republic with a population of more than one hundred thousand people.

The purpose of the work is to forecast the population of the Komi Republic.

The following tasks follow from this goal:

analyze indicators that have a direct impact on changes in the population of the Komi Republic;
consider problems related to the population of the Komi Republic;
suggest ways to solve them;
review existing methods for population forecasting;
make a forecast, draw conclusions.

The object of the study is the population of the Komi Republic.

The subject is an analysis of the population of the Komi Republic.

The methodological basis of the study is provided by official statistics from Komistat and Rosstat, government programs, materials on the Internet, as well as materials from periodicals, the main one of which was: “Population dynamics in the Komi Republic” by A.S. Shiryaeva and A.R. Mikhailova.

The research methods are analysis and synthesis, mathematical method, comparative analysis method, grouping and methods of tabular and graphical presentation of information, study of literature and documents, extrapolation method.

1. Data analysis

Table 1.1 presents indicators that have a direct impact on changes in the value of the indicator selected in the project work.

Table 1.1 - Pindicators characterizing changes in numbers

Indicators / Year






Unemployment rate (%)

We can conclude that, in general, the population in the Komi Republic has been decreasing throughout the entire period, from 2007-2017. Thus, the greatest influence is exerted by such factors as: the rate of general morbidity of the population (an increase is observed) and the number of health care institutions (decreasing every year). But other indicators are also quite important, for example, the unemployment rate, which increases rapidly from 2014 to 2017.
The growth rates of indicators are presented in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 - Growth rate, %

Indicators / Year	2008/2007	2009/2008	2010/2009	2011/2010	2012/2011	2013/2012	2014/2013	2015/2014	2016/2015	2017/2016
Population in the Republic of Kazakhstan (persons)
Natural increase, decrease (-) per 1000 people.
General morbidity rate of the population (per 1000 people)
Number of state healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Number of state educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Migration loss (total people)
Unemployment rate (%)
Average price of 1 sq.m. total area of apartments on the housing market (RUB)

Let's look at each indicator separately:

1. Natural increase/decrease per 1000 people. - from 2007 to 2010 the population decreases. The growth rate is -4.5%. Then from 2011 to 2012 the number increases and the growth rate is 1.57%. In the period from 2012 to 2013, the number again decreases, the growth rate is 0.22%. From 2013 to 2016, the population continues to fall and the growth rate is -1.43%.

2. Indicator of general morbidity of the population (per 1000 people) - from 2010 to 2017, the number of morbidity increases from year to year.

3. Number of state healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan - judging by the data, the number of institutions decreases from year to year. In 2008 there were 113, but by 2017 there were 82.

4. The number of general education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan - in 2008 this figure was 475 institutions, in 2016 their number decreased to 352.

5. Migration decline - based on the results of 2016, a decrease in the migration decline of the population was noted in the Komi Republic. In January-March, the migration population loss amounted to 1,337 people. 8,761 people left the region. 7,424 people arrived. During the same period last year, the region’s migration losses amounted to 2,109 people.

6. The unemployment rate - from 2007 (12.3%) to 2012 (6.7%) decreases, then in 2013 it increases by 0.5%. In 2014, it again decreases by 0.9%, and in subsequent years it increases to 12.6%.

7. Average price of 1 sq.m. total area of apartments on the housing market (rub.) - from 2007 to 2010, price per 1 sq.m. the total area of apartments is reduced by 3374.7 rubles. From 2011 to 2014, the price increases to 60,945.7 rubles, and then by 2017 it decreases again to 47,482.4 rubles.

As we can see, all the main indicators that can affect the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan are decreasing, therefore, for these reasons, the population itself is decreasing.

2. Comparative analysis, building a regression model

2.1 Analysis of the population structure of the Komi Republic

Indicators of the population structure of the Komi Republic and their comparison with the average values for Russia over 5 years are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 - Structure of selected indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (persons)

Indicators / Year

Population in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Population in the Russian Federation

Men in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Men in the Russian Federation

Women in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Women in the Russian Federation

Below working age in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Below working age in the Russian Federation

Working age in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Working age in the Russian Federation

Over working age in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Over working age in the Russian Federation

Urban population in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Urban population in the Russian Federation

Rural population in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Rural population in the Russian Federation

The population in the Republic of Kazakhstan is decreasing, including both men and women, while in the Russian Federation as a whole there is an increase in population, which is associated with rising unemployment, high housing prices and population migration to other cities.

The population younger and older than working age in both the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation is increasing. This is due to the fact that natural population growth is negative; in the Republic of Kazakhstan, since 2013, there has been a gradual decrease in this indicator (mortality exceeds birth rate). This may be due to the fact that the incidence in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation is increasing every year, while the number of state. healthcare and educational institutions are decreasing from year to year.

The Komi Republic's working-age population is declining as unemployment rises and people migrate to larger cities in search of work. In Russia as a whole, the working-age population is also decreasing, perhaps due to the fact that the birth rate is low and the population is aging, moving into the group older than working age.

The urban population of the Komi Republic is decreasing, this is due to the outflow of the population to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are more developed and where there will be opportunities to find work, so the urban population in Russia is increasing. But the rural population, both in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the Russian Federation, is decreasing, since there is no work in the villages (various factories, combines, etc. are closing).

2.2 Analysis of factors that have a direct impact on changes in the population of the Komi Republic

To analyze factors that have a direct impact on population changes, we conducted a correlation and regression analysis.

Y - Population in the Republic of Kazakhstan (persons)

X1 - Natural increase, decrease (-) per 1000 people

X2 - General morbidity rate of the population (per 1000 people)

X3 - Number of state healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

X4 - Number of state. educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

X5 - Migration loss (total people)

X6 - Unemployment rate (in%)

X7 - Average price of 1 sq.m. total area of apartments on the housing market (RUB)

Figure 2.1 Correlation matrix

After conducting a correlation analysis, we can draw the following conclusions:

We observe a strong direct linear relationship between the population and: the number of state. healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the number of state. general educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There is a strong inverse linear relationship between population size and: natural increase, the rate of general morbidity of the population and the average price of 1 sq. m of total area of apartments in the housing market. A weak linear relationship is observed between population size and unemployment rate.

Building models:

The general model (including all factors) will look like this:

y^ = 712067.45 - 1655.95 x1 - 9.16 x2 + 804.92 x3 + 275.28 x4 - 1.29 x5 +93.06 x6 - 0.23 x7

Fstat. > Fcr., in general the equation is statistically significant at α = 5%

R^2 = 99.5% Therefore, we can talk about a fairly strong linear relationship between the variables and a strong influence in general on the population size on average of selected exogenous variables.

Model No. 1:

We exclude (since they correlate):

2) x4 (Number of state educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

3) x6 unemployment rate

Include:

2) X3 - Number of state. healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

3) X5 - Migration loss (total people)

4) X7 - Average price of 1 sq.m. total area of apartments on the housing market (RUB)

We get:

y^= 806574.3 - 18.047 x2 + 1031 x3 - 4.024 x5 - 0.52 x7

Fstat. >

R^2 = 99.1% Therefore, we can talk about a fairly strong linear relationship between the variables and a strong influence in general on the population size on average of selected exogenous variables.

Model No. 2

We exclude:

1) x2 (General morbidity rate of the population per 1000 people)

3) x5 (Migration loss of total people)

4) x6 (Unemployment rate%)

Include:

1) X1 - Natural increase, decrease (-) per 1000 people

2) X4 - Number of state. educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

3) X7 - Average price of 1 sq.m. total area of apartments on the housing market (RUB)

We get:

y^= 657791.1 - 2803.68 x1 + 604.86 x4 - 0.343 x7

Conclusions:

Fstat. > Fcr., in general the equation is statistically significant at α = 5%.

R^2 = 98.8% Therefore, we can talk about a fairly strong linear relationship between the variables and a strong influence in general on the population size on average of selected exogenous variables.

Model No. 3

We exclude:

1) x1 (Natural increase, decrease (-) per 1000 people)

2) x3 (Number of state healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

3) x4 (Number of state educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

4) x7 (Average price of 1 sq.m. of total area of apartments on the housing market (RUB)

Include:

1) X2 - General morbidity rate of the population (per 1000 people)

2) X5 - Migration loss (total people)

3) X6 - Unemployment rate (in%)

We get:

y^= 803806.9 - 19.135 x2 - 9.708 x5 + 2645.43 x6

Conclusions:

Fstat. > Fcr., in general the equation is statistically significant at α = 5%.

R^2 = 96.57% Therefore, we can talk about a fairly strong linear relationship between the variables and a strong influence in general on the population size on average of selected exogenous variables.

3. Justification of possible directions for solving the problem. Making forecasts

3.1 Problems related to the population of the Komi Republic and ways to solve them

Based on the analysis carried out and the indicators we studied that affect the population of the Komi Republic, the following problems were identified:

Increase in unemployment in general in the Komi Republic;
Availability of housing for certain categories of the population;
Migration of population to other cities from the Republic. Komi;
Morbidity in the Republic Komi is increasing every year, while the number of state. healthcare facilities are decreasing from year to year;
Reducing the number of government educational institutions.

Since unemployment is a serious macroeconomic problem and is an indicator of macroeconomic instability, the state is taking measures to combat it.

Having analyzed the opinions of various experts (Kashepov A., Safarov P.M., Gryaznova, A.G., Ishkin, V.V., etc.), we propose the following solutions to reduce the unemployment rate:

improving the system for collecting and providing information on the availability of vacancies (across the region);
creation of special services for these purposes;
development of public services and institutions for retraining and retraining of workers;
assistance to private services of this type;
creation and implementation of programs to support young workers;
eliminating factors that reduce labor mobility.

A problem such as housing affordability can only be solved with the help of the state. For example, to increase the affordability of housing and the quality of housing provision for the population, as well as to improve the quality and reliability of the provision of housing and communal services to the population, the state program of the Russian Federation “Providing affordable and comfortable housing and communal services to citizens of the Russian Federation” was created.

So with the help given by the state. The program will increase the annual volume of housing commissioned by 2025, reduce the average market value of housing, and achieve a level of housing stock that meets all requirements.

To reduce the level of population migration from the Republic. Komi to other cities of Russia you need the following:

Improve the quality of life of the population.
Improve the infrastructure of the region (for example, one of the measures will be to recreate stable passenger traffic at the intraregional level).
Increasing jobs for young professionals with higher education.

Morbidity in the Republic Komi is increasing every year, perhaps this is directly related to climatic conditions, but also to the level of timely diagnosis of diseases.

First of all, it is necessary to carry out timely clinical examination of the population, which is a set of measures, including a medical examination by doctors of several specialties and the use of the necessary examination methods carried out in relation to certain groups. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation carries out medical examinations in Russia once every 3 years as the age stipulated by the medical examination procedure approaches.

The next stage on the path to reducing morbidity is timely diagnosis of diseases.

There is a state program of the Komi Republic “Health Development” for 2013-2020. The goal is to ensure accessibility of medical care and increase the efficiency of medical services, the volumes, types and quality of which must correspond to the level of morbidity and the needs of the population of the Komi Republic, and to the advanced achievements of medical science.

Such a problem as reducing the number of government. healthcare and education institutions should be decided at the state level, the allocation of funds to open new institutions or maintain existing ones.

3.2 Methods for forecasting the population of the Komi Republic

Forecasting methods are a major component of demographic forecasting. Depending on how correctly a particular forecasting method is chosen, the level of accuracy of the demographic forecast depends.

The main methods of demographic forecasting are: methods based on the use of a certain mathematical function (extrapolation and analytical methods), as well as the method of moving ages, or the component method.

1. Methods based on the use of mathematical functions

Typically, such methods are used when forecasting the population of small areas (for example, regions of a country), since the likelihood of errors due to not taking into account changes in the components of population growth and in the age-sex structure can be reduced by the additional condition that that the total population of the regions should not differ from the forecast results for the country as a whole.

That is, the main disadvantage of these methods is that they only provide a forecast of the total population.

A variety of mathematical functions can be used to make predictions. The most commonly used functions are linear, exponential and logistic functions. At the same time, forecasting based on the use of linear and exponential functions is sometimes purely conventionally called extrapolation method, and forecasting based on the use of logistic and other functions - analytical method.

Extrapolation method

The extrapolation method is based on the direct use of linear and exponential functions, i.e. data on average annual absolute changes in population for a period or on average annual growth or increment rates. If these indicators are known, then it is possible to calculate the population size for any number of years in advance, simply by assuming that they remain unchanged throughout the entire forecast period.

That is, this method is one of the simplest methods of forecasting, since it is based on the assumption that the average annual absolute population growth calculated for the reporting period will continue in the future.

In other words, in this case, for future calculations, we use linear function:

P t = P 0 + a cf * t

where P t is the projected population level;

P 0 - basic population level;

ар - absolute average annual population growth;

t - forecasting period.

The disadvantage of this method is that the average annual absolute growth rate can remain unchanged only for a short time, so population forecasting using the specified linear function can only be used in short-term forecasts.

Also when using this method it can be used exponential function. The mathematical model in this case will look like:

P t = P 0 * e kt

where e is the base of the natural logarithm (2.7183).

The use of an exponential function is more preferable than a linear function, because this ensures that the population does not become negative.

Analytical method

The analytical method is based on the fact that, based on past demographic dynamics, a function with the closest description is selected. In principle, this can be any function. However, one way or another, this function is of an empirical nature, and there is no general mathematical law of demographic dynamics.

Often used logistic function, the peculiarity of which in demographic forecasting is that its increment decreases as the population grows.

Thus, the main advantage of using mathematical methods is their ease of calculation, and the disadvantage is the forecast of only the total population.

2. Method of moving ages (component method)

The component method opens up broader opportunities for demographic forecast developers. Unlike extrapolation and analytical methods, it allows one to obtain not only the total population, but also its distribution by gender and age.

The essence of the method is that the initial population, as it were, “moves” into the future, decreasing due to the dead (and those who left) and replenished due to those born (and those who arrived). Therefore, for a forecast it is necessary to know the basic size and structure of the population, as well as hypotheses regarding trends in population reproduction and migration in the forecast period.

Movement is carried out in time steps equal to the length of the age group. To do this, the size of the age group of the population at the beginning of the forecast period is multiplied by the coefficient of movement (survival). The movement coefficient is the ratio of two numbers of adjacent age groups: those living at age “x+1” and “x” (L x+1 and L x), taken from the mortality table. In this case, the migration balance should be taken into account.

The age movement model has the form:

P x+1 =P x *(L x+1 /L x)+MC

where P x is the number of age group “x”;

P x+1 - number of age group "x+1";

L x+1 /L x - coefficient of movement to the next age (probability of living at age "x+1");

MS - migration balance.

Thus, the main advantage of the component method is the forecast of not only the total population, but also its distribution by sex and age; the disadvantage is the complexity of the calculation.

So, the extrapolation method is the most optimal, since for this method we have all the necessary indicators. It also allows you to predict the total population for any number of years in advance, simply by assuming constant absolute average annual population growth throughout the entire forecast period.

3.3 Constructing a population forecast for the Komi Republic

To build the forecast, we chose an extrapolation method using a linear function.

First, we calculated the absolute average annual population growth for 2017, which took a negative value equal to -6277 people.

We took the number of people living in the territory of the Komi Republic in 2017 as the base population level.

Table 3.1 - Forecast of the population of the Komi Republic (persons)

Thus, we can conclude that if the absolute average annual population growth continues to decline, the population level will rapidly fall, and this does not take into account migration loss, which decreases slightly every year.

Conclusion

Having analyzed the population dynamics of the Komi Republic from 2007 to 2017. and the factors influencing it, we can conclude that in general the population has been decreasing throughout the entire period. Thus, the greatest influence is exerted by such factors as: the rate of general morbidity of the population (an increase is observed) and the number of health care institutions (decreasing every year). But other indicators are also quite important, for example, the unemployment rate, which increases rapidly from 2014 to 2017.

Indicators of the population structure of the Komi Republic have generally been decreasing over the past 5 years, only the population younger and older than working age is increasing. Compared to the Russian Federation as a whole, the population is increasing, but it can be noted that the selected indicators of the structure of the Republic. Komi and the Russian Federation are changing equally.

To analyze factors that have a direct impact on population changes, a correlation and regression analysis was carried out. A strong direct linear relationship is observed between the population size and: the number of state. healthcare institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the number of state. general educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There is a strong inverse linear relationship between population size and: natural increase, the rate of general morbidity of the population and the average price of 1 sq. m of total area of apartments in the housing market. A weak linear relationship is observed between population size and unemployment rate.

Based on the analysis carried out, the indicators we studied that affect the population of the Komi Republic, some problems were identified - an increase in unemployment, the availability of housing for some categories of the population, migration of the population from the region, an increase in morbidity, a reduction in the number of government agencies. healthcare and educational institutions.

Of course, there are ways to solve these problems, mainly in the fight against them the main role is played by the state and its socio-economic policy.

The main methods of demographic forecasting are: methods based on the use of various mathematical functions (extrapolation and analytical methods), as well as the method of moving ages, or the component method.

The most optimal of these methods is the extrapolation method, since we have all the necessary indicators for its application. It also allows you to predict the total population for any number of years in advance, simply by assuming constant absolute average annual population growth throughout the entire forecast period.

Having calculated the absolute average annual population growth, using a linear function, we predicted the population size for 10 years, until 2027 inclusive.

Based on the forecast obtained, a rapid population decline is observed. Thus, if the absolute average annual population growth continues to decline, the population level will fall rapidly, and this does not take into account migration loss, which decreases slightly every year.

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Reviews:

02/27/2019, 14:09 Ashmarov Igor Anatolyevich
Review: The article is written on a current topic and is of practical interest. The material of the work is well structured, theoretical calculations are given to confirm the conclusions. The work is structured in accordance with the requirements of the journal. The abstract corresponds to the content of the article, as does its English-Russian translation. Please specifically clarify the scientific novelty of the article. Conclusions have been drawn. I can recommend this material for publication in an open access scientific journal.

3.03.2019, 7:48 Yatsky Sergey Alexandrovich
Review: In the article by Nekrasova G. A., Petrakova A. M., Orlova V., Pimankina A., Polyakova A. and Razmyslova M., based on statistical data, the main indicators that influence the dynamics of the population of the Komi Republic are considered. The authors made a forecast of the further dynamics of the population of the republic based on the extrapolation method. Therefore, this article is recommended for publication in its presented form. Sincerely, Yatsky S.A.

In Komi, the average age of the population was 38.2 years, including in urban areas - 37.7, in rural areas - 40.1. Women are on average 5 years older than men. Among the regions of the Northwestern Federal District, Komi is the “youngest”, says the report on the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2017, prepared by Rospotrebnadzor Komi.

According to the department, the population at the beginning of 2018 in the region was 840.9 thousand people. In 2017, the number of residents decreased by 9.7 thousand people, or 1.1%. The decrease was greatest in rural areas, where the number of residents decreased by 1.6%, and there were fewer city dwellers by 1%.

The main reason for the decline in the republic's population was migration outflow. Population losses were also increased by natural decline, which replaced the natural increase observed from 2011 to 2016. In urban areas, the excess of the number of births over the number of deaths has persisted since 2008. In rural areas, natural decline has been recorded for the last three years.

A decrease in population was noted in all urban districts and municipal areas of the republic, except for Syktyvkar and the Syktyvdinsky district. In Syktyvkar, the population increased due to natural growth, which exceeded migration decline, in the Syktyvdinsky district - due to natural and migration growth.

Estimation of the population of the Komi Republic (in thousands of people and in%)

As of January 1, 2017, the region had an excess of women over men by 47.5 thousand people. By the beginning of 2017, 449 thousand women and 401.5 thousand men lived in the republic (52.8% and 47.2% of the region’s population, respectively). For every thousand men there were 1118 women. In urban areas, compared to rural areas, the predominance of women is more pronounced (1153 and 1003, respectively).

On average in Russia, by the beginning of 2016, there were 1,158 women for every thousand men.

By the beginning of 2017, the population under 15 years old was 171.5 thousand people, the working age population from 16 to 54 years old was 493.2 thousand people, the population older than the working age population (men 60 years old and women 55 years old or more) was 185.9 thousand. Human.

In general, in Komi, by the beginning of 2017, the number of children and adolescents increased by 1% compared to 2016, the number of the working-age population decreased by 2.4%, and the number of those older than the working-age population increased by 2.4%.

As a result, the share of the working-age population decreased from 59% to 58%, those under working age increased from 19.8% to 20.2%, those older than working age increased from 21.2% to 21.9%.

The structure of the urban population, compared to the rural one, is distinguished by a smaller share of the population of children and adolescents (19.8% versus 21.6% in rural areas) and the elderly (20.8% versus 25.4%) and a larger share of the working-age population (59. 4% versus 53%).

Among the regions of the Northwestern Federal District, Komi has the most favorable age structure: the highest proportion of people under working age (20.2% versus 16.7% for the federal district as a whole) and the lowest proportion of people over working age (21. 9% versus 26.2%).

Also, the demographic aging of the population continues in the republic (when the share of the population aged 65 years and older is more than 7%): at the beginning of 2016, the proportion of people of these ages was 10.4%, at the beginning of 2017 - 10.9%.

It was and became: the number of Komi residents in cities, districts and settlements as of January 1, 2017

In total, 20 settlements in the region saw an increase in the number of residents.

In 2016, according to the Comistat, the population of the republic decreased by 6 thousand 277 people. Compared to previous years, the rate of population decline has decreased: back in the early 2010s, the region was losing 8.5-9 thousand people annually.

Imagine that the Ukhta village of Vodny, or Troitsko-Pechorsk, or Ust-Kulom seemed to be completely depopulated - the number of people living there is comparable to the one that Komi lost in a year.

Only two municipalities have a population - in Syktyvkar (plus 1042 people) and Syktyvdinsky district (83 people). The Vorkuta (minus 1,381 people), Pechora (999 people) and Ukhta districts (minus 776 people) lost the most people.

We provide a table of the number of people living in a particular settlement, specifying whether the number of people has increased (“+”), decreased (“-”) or remained unchanged (“/”) ( We are talking specifically about settlements, which may administratively include several settlements; Komistat cannot provide accurate data for all villages and towns).


Komi Republic
Urban population
Rural population
Syktyvkar
Syktyvkar
Ezhvinsky district	no data
Verkhnyaya Maksakovka
Krasnozatonsky
Sedkyrkeshch
Vorkuta district

Vorgashor

Zapolyarny
Komsomol
Northern
Intinsky district

Verkhnyaya Inta

Usinsky district


Ukhtinsky district





Vuktylsky district


Lemtybozh
Sub-daughter
Ust-Soplesk
Izhemsky district
Brykalansk


Kelchiyur

Krasnobor




Knyazhpogostsky district





Seregovo


Chinyavoryk

Koygorodsky district


Koygorodok



Lower Turunyu



Kortkeros district
Bogorodsk
Bolshelug



Kortkeros






Podjelsk
Podtybok
Poztykeres
Lakeside
Storozhevsk
Ust-Lekchim
Pechora district




Kajer

Priuralskoe

Priluzsky district

Verkholuzie

Guryevka





Obyachevo
Prokopyevka

Spasporub
Cheremukhovka


Sosnogorsk district
Sosnogorsk

Nizhny Odes
Syktyvdinsky district
Vylgort






Palevitsy





Sysolsky district

Vizindor


Zaozerye

Kuratovo


Pyeldino

Troitsko-Pechorsky district
Troitsko-Pechorsk
Priuralsky
Znamenka
Komsomolsk-on-Pechora

Mitrofan-Dikost

Lower Omra

Ust-Ilych

Udora district
Blagoevo
Mezhdurechensk
Usogorsk







Big Puchkoma
Big Pyssa
Chernutevo


Ust-Vymsky district







Kozhmudor


student
Ust-Vym
Ust-Kulomsky district

Voldino
Nizhny Voch
Diaserya
Derevyansk


Kebanyel
Kerchomya

Myeldino



Pomozdino



Ust-Kulom


Ust-Tsilemsky district
Middle Bugaevo

Cow Creek

Novy Bor
Okunev Nos
Zamezhnaya

Ust-Tsilma
Khabarikha

* Komistat explains the absence of some data by the administrative unification of settlements, although people did not stop living there. So, last year Vuktyl was transformed from a municipal district into an urban district with the unification of the settlements of Dutovo, Lemtybozh, Podcherye and Ust-Sopleks. In the Koygorod district, Nizhny Turunyu became part of Kazhym. In the Priluzsky district, the settlements of Vaymes and Verkholuzye became part of Noshul, and Chitaevo became part of Obyachevo.

Photo from pixabay.com

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population of the republic comics, population of the republic comme il faut
The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 864 424 people (2015). Population density - 2,06 people/km2 (2015). Urban population - 77,68 % (2015).

1 Population
2 Demographics
3 National composition
4 National composition by city and region (2010)
5 Religion
6 General map
7 Settlements with a population of more than 5 thousand people
8 Notes

Population

Population
1926	1928	1959	1970	1979	1989	1990	1991
207 314	↘204 200	↗815 799	↗964 802	↗1 118 421	↗1 261 024	↘1 248 891	↘1 239 885
1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
↘1 222 134	↘1 206 079	↘1 192 063	↘1 156 750	↘1 132 650	↘1 115 737	↘1 095 723	↘1 077 990
2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
↘1 057 873	↘1 042 880	↘1 018 674	↘1 016 040	↘1 005 706	↘996 440	↘985 029	↘974 617
2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
↘968 164	↘958 544	↘901 189	↘899 215	↘889 837	↘880 639	↘872 057	↘864 424

250 000 500 000 750 000 1 000 000 1 250 000 1 500 000 1928 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Demography

Fertility (number of births per 1000 population)
1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998
17,0	↗18,1	↗18,2	↗19,2	↘13,4	↘9,3	↘9,2	↘8,9	↗9,3

1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
↘8,5	↗8,8	↗9,2	↗10,1	↗11,3	↗11,5	↘11,1	↗11,1	↗11,9

2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
↗12,2	↗12,4	↗12,9	↗13,0	↗13,9	↗14,2	↘14,1

Mortality rate (number of deaths per 1000 population)
1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998
6,5	↗7,0	↗8,1	↘7,7	↘7,4	↗12,6	↘11,6	↘10,5	↘10,0

1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
↗10,7	↗12,0	↗12,5	↗13,8	↗15,6	↘15,2	↗15,2	↘13,8	↘12,7

2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
↗12,7	↗12,8	↗13,1	↘12,3	↘12,1	↘11,9	↗12,2

Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline)
1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998
10,5	↗11,1	↘10,1	↗11,5	↘6,0	↘-3,3	↗-2,4	↗-1,6	↗-0,7

1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
↘-2,2	↘-3,2	↘-3,3	↘-3,7	↘-4,3	↗-3,7	↘-4,1	↗-2,7	↗-0,8

2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
↗-0,5	↗-0,4	↗-0,2	↗0,7	↗1,8	↗2,3	↘1,9

Life expectancy at birth (number of years)
1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
68,2	↘67,9	↘65,5	↘62,0	↘60,4	↗61,0	↗62,9	↗64,9	↗65,5

1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
↘64,9	↘63,5	↘63,4	↘62,2	↘61,5	↗62,2	↗62,3	↗64,2	↗65,8

2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
↗66,2	↗66,5	↗66,9	↗68,0	↗68,3	↗69,3

Population: 975,000 (end 2006 estimate)
- Urban: 75.7%
- Rural: 24.3%
Women per 1000 men: 1106
Average age: 34.5 years
- Urban population: 33.7 years
- Rural population: 36.8 years
- Men: 32.3 years
- Women: 36.8 years
Number of private households: 381,626 (out of 992,612 people)
- Urban: 289,854 (out of 749,329 people)
- Rural: 91,772 (out of 243,283 people)
Health statistics(2005 year)
- Births: 10,975 (fertility rate 11.1)
- Deaths: 15,074 (case fatality rate 15.2)

National composition

	1926 people	%	1939 people	%	1959 people	%	1989 people	%	2002 people	% from Total	% from indicating- shih national nal- ness	2010 people	% from Total	% from indicating- shih national nal- ness
Total	207314	100,00 %	318996	100,00 %	806199	100,00 %	1250847	100,00 %	1018674	100,00 %		901189	100,00 %
Russians	13731	6,62 %	70226	22,01 %	389995	48,37 %	721780	57,70 %	607021	59,59 %	59,92 %	555963	61,69 %	65,08 %
Komi	191245	92,25 %	231301	72,51 %	245074	30,40 %	291542	23,31 %	256464	25,18 %	25,32 %	202348	22,45 %	23,69 %
including Komi-Izhemtsy									12.689	1,25 %	1,25 %	5.725	0,64 %	0,67 %
Ukrainians	34	0,02 %	6010	1,88 %	80132	9,94 %	104170	8,33 %	62115	6,10 %	6,13 %	36082	4,00 %	4,22 %
Tatars	32	0,02 %	709	0,22 %	8459	1,05 %	25980	2,08 %	15680	1,54 %	1,55 %	10779	1,20 %	1,26 %
Belarusians	11	0,01 %	3323	1,04 %	22339	2,77 %	26730	2,14 %	15212	1,49 %	1,50 %	8859	0,98 %	1,04 %
Germans	15	0,01 %	2617	0,82 %	19805	2,46 %	12866	1,03 %	9246	0,91 %	0,91 %	5441	0,60 %	0,64 %
Chuvash	3	0,00 %	246	0,08 %	3493	0,43 %	11253	0,90 %	7529	0,74 %	0,74 %	5077	0,56 %	0,59 %
Azerbaijanis	0	0,00 %	112	0,04 %	1374	0,17 %	4728	0,38 %	6066	0,60 %	0,60 %	4858	0,54 %	0,57 %
Bashkirs	0	0,00 %	56	0,02 %	623	0,08 %	5313	0,42 %	3149	0,31 %	0,31 %	2333	0,26 %	0,27 %
Moldovans	1	0,00 %	63	0,02 %	1612	0,20 %	5155	0,41 %	3447	0,34 %	0,34 %	2318	0,26 %	0,27 %
Mari	0	0,00 %	70	0,02 %	706	0,09 %	4067	0,33 %	3202	0,31 %	0,32 %	2280	0,25 %	0,27 %
Armenians	2	0,00 %	164	0,05 %	1894	0,23 %	2171	0,17 %	2102	0,21 %	0,21 %	1717	0,19 %	0,20 %
Udmurts	2	0,00 %	131	0,04 %	999	0,12 %	3573	0,29 %	2336	0,23 %	0,23 %	1593	0,18 %	0,19 %
Mordva	0	0,00 %	328	0,10 %	1802	0,22 %	3927	0,31 %	2390	0,23 %	0,24 %	1462	0,16 %	0,17 %
Lezgins	0	0,00 %	12	0,00 %			930	0,07 %	1198	0,12 %	0,12 %	1406	0,16 %	0,16 %
Lithuanians	4	0,00 %	33	0,01 %	8284	1,03 %	3066	0,25 %	1607	0,16 %	0,16 %	977	0,11 %	0,11 %
Uzbeks	0	0,00 %	51	0,02 %	1245	0,15 %	2593	0,21 %	709	0,07 %	0,07 %	939	0,10 %	0,11 %
Poles	23	0,01 %	569	0,18 %	3053	0,38 %	2181	0,17 %	1456	0,14 %	0,14 %	843	0,09 %	0,10 %
Kyrgyz	0	0,00 %	16	0,01 %			343	0,03 %	767	0,08 %	0,08 %	731	0,08 %	0,09 %
Komi-Permyaks	0	0,00 %			99	0,01 %	1076	0,09 %	1118	0,11 %	0,11 %	659	0,07 %	0,08 %
Georgians	0	0,00 %	62	0,02 %	1328	0,16 %	1683	0,13 %	896	0,09 %	0,09 %	614	0,07 %	0,07 %
Nenets	2080	1,00 %	974	0,31 %	374	0,05 %	376	0,03 %	708	0,07 %	0,07 %	503	0,06 %	0,06 %
other	77	0,04 %	1869	0,59 %	13466	1,67 %	15330	1,23 %	8556	0,84 %	0,84 %	6521	0,72 %	0,76 %
indicated nationality	207260	99,97 %	318942	99,98 %	806156	99,99 %	1250833	100,00 %	1012974	99,44 %	100,00 %	854303	94,80 %	100,00 %
did not indicate nationality	54	0,03 %	54	0,02 %	43	0,01 %	14	0,00 %	5700	0,56 %		46886	5,20 %

National composition by city and region (2010)

2010 Census data

Area (city)	Komi	Russians	Ukrainians	Tatars	Belarusians	Germans	Chuvash	Bashkirs	Azerbaijanis
Syktyvkar	25,9 %	66,0 %	2,8 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Vorkuta	1,7 %	77,7 %	7,9 %	2,9 %	1,5 %	…	1,1 %	…	1,0 %
Vuktyl	10,8 %	72,3 %	8,3 %	1,6 %	1,4 %	…	1,2 %	…	…
Inta	11,4 %	72,6 %	7,6 %	1,8 %	1,4 %	…	…	…	…
Pechora	13,2 %	74,7 %	5,7 %	…	1,4 %	…	…	…	…
Sosnogorsk	8,9 %	80,8 %	4,3 %	…	1,2 %	…	…	…	…
Usinsk	14,8 %	59,6 %	7,6 %	7,2 %	1,5 %	…	1,0 %	2,5 %	1,5 %
Ukhta	7,9 %	81,1 %	4,1 %	1,1 %	1,1 %	…	…	…	…
Izhemsky district	88,9 %	9,7 %	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Knyazhpogostsky district	15,3 %	70,4 %	5,4 %	…	1,7 %	…	…	…	1,3 %
Koygorodsky district	35,5 %	56,1 %	3,0 %	…	…	1,9 %	…	…	…
Kortkeros district	68,4 %	26,8 %	1,9 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Syktyvdinsky district	45,9 %	47,6 %	2,3 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sysolsky district	64,8 %	29,7 %	1,9 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Priluzsky district	55,2 %	40,9 %	1,6 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Troitsko-Pechorsky district	26,2 %	63,9 %	4,3 %	…	1,4 %	…	…	…	…
Udora district	40,3 %	46,7 %	3,8 %	…	1,0 %	…	…	…	…
Ust-Vymsky district	25,6 %	62,8 %	4,4 %	…	1,1 %	…	…	…	…
Ust-Kulomsky district	76,9 %	18,9 %	1,7 %	…	…	…	…	…	…
Ust-Tsilemsky district	5,1 %	93,0 %	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Religion

According to a large-scale survey by the Sreda research service conducted in 2012, the item “I believe in God (in a higher power), but I do not profess a specific religion” in the Komi Republic was chosen by 41% of respondents, “I profess Orthodoxy and belong to the Russian Orthodox Church” - 30% , “I don’t believe in God” - 14%, “I profess Christianity, but do not consider myself to be a member of any Christian denomination” - 4%, “I profess the traditional religion of my ancestors, I worship gods and the forces of nature” - 1%, “I profess Islam, but I am neither a Sunni nor a Shiite” - 1%, “I profess Orthodoxy, but I do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church and am not an Old Believer” - 1%, “I profess Orthodoxy, I am an Old Believer” - 1%. The rest are less than 1%.

General Map

Map legend (when you hover over the marker, the real population is displayed):

Arhangelsk region Nenets Autonomous Okrug Arhangelsk region Kirov region Perm region Sverdlovsk region KHMAO Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Sydney Parma Podtybok Sizyabsk Sindor Ust-Vym Chinyavoryk Shchelyayur Yugydyag Yaksha Populated areas of the Komi Republic

Settlements with a population of more than 5 thousand people

Syktyvkar	↗242 718
Ukhta	↘98 894
Vorkuta	↘60 368
Pechora	↘40 910
Usinsk	↘39 431
Inta	↘27 723
Sosnogorsk	↘26 923
Emva	↘13 405

Vylgort	↗11 574
Vuktyl	↘10 729
Vorgashor	↘10 666
Mikun	↘10 088
Nizhny Odes	↘9264
Krasnozatonsky	↗8715
Northern	↘8535
Zheshart	↘7722

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2015.
Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2015 and average for 2014 (published March 17, 2015)
All-Union Population Census of 1926. M.: Publication of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR, 1928. Volume 9. Table I. Populated areas. Available urban and rural population. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015.
Statistical reference book of the USSR for 1928.
All-Union Population Census of 1959. Retrieved October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013.
All-Union population census of 1970. The actual population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and regional centers of the USSR according to census data as of January 15, 1970 for republics, territories and regions. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
All-Union Population Census 1979
All-Union Population Census of 1989. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Resident population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2010
All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
The permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
1 2 3 4 All-Russian population census 2010. Population of urban districts, municipal areas, settlements and populated areas. Retrieved December 29, 2014. Archived from the original on December 29, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1989. National composition of the population by regions of Russia: Komi ASSR
All-Russian Population Census 2002: Population by nationality and Russian language proficiency by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Official website of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
Comistat
Arena (Atlas of religions and nationalities of Russia)
Komi Republic. Religion

Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Ivanovo Irkutsk Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Samara Saratov Sakhalin Sverdlovsk Smolensk Tambov Tver Tomsk Tula Tyumen Ulyanovsk Chelyabinsk Yaroslavl

Population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Federal cities	Moscow St. Petersburg Sevastopol
Autonomous region	Jewish
Autonomous okrugs	Nenets1 Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra2 Chukotka Yamalo-Nenets2
1 Located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region 2 Located on the territory of the Tyumen region

Komi Republic

Administrative center: Syktyvkar
Cities: Vorkuta Vuktyl Emva Inta Mikun Pechora Sosnogorsk Syktyvkar Usinsk Ukhta

Municipal-territorial division:

Urban districts: Vorkuta Vuktyl Inta Usinsk Syktyvkar Ukhta
Municipal districts: Izhemsky Knyazhpogostsky Koygorodsky Kortkerossky Pechora Priluzsky Sosnogorsk Syktyvdinsky Sysolsky Troitsko-Pechora Udorsky Ust-Vymsky Ust-Kulomsky Ust-Tsilemsky

population of the republic komiinform, population of the republic comics, population of the republic comme il faut, population of the republic commissar

Population of the Komi Republic Information About

The Komi Republic is located in the north of our country and borders the Perm Territory, Arkhangelsk, Kirov and other regions. There are 75 percent Russians here. The Komi-Zyrians make up almost a quarter of the Komi population. The republic is relatively sparsely populated. After all, the climatic conditions here are relatively harsh, there are many impenetrable forests and hundreds of hectares of swamps.

Description of the subject of the Federation

Komi is a Republic within the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, part of the Northern Economic Region. The territory extends from the Pechora and Mezen-Vychegda lowlands to the Timan Ridge and the western slopes of the Ural Mountains. In the north and east it borders with the Arkhangelsk and Tyumen regions; in the south - with Kirov and Sverdlovsk, as well as with the Perm Territory. The main cities are Vorkuta, Syktyvkar, Ukhta, Pechora, Inta, Usinsk.

Despite the fact that the region is located in the north, the climate here is temperate continental. Summer in the south is warm, with an average July temperature of +16 degrees. Winters are long and cold. On average, the temperature stays at -15...-22 o C. But sometimes ice masses invade from the Arctic. Then the temperature drops to -55 o C. In summer the earth does not warm up by more than a meter.

More than a dozen fairly large rivers flow through the territory of the Republic and there are 78 lakes, but the water surface area in the region is only 1.5 percent. From time immemorial, rivers have played an important role for the population of the Komi Republic. It was here that the great Novgorod route to Ugra passed. There are also many swamps in the region. Wetlands occupy 7.7 percent of the total area of the territory. The most famous swamp is called "Ocean" and is the largest in Europe. Its area is 178,975 hectares.

History of the Republic

The chronicles of the 12th century already mentioned a country called Komi, with which Novgorod and Suzdal merchants traded. Then these lands came under the rule of Veliky Novgorod, and in the 15th century - the Moscow principality. The territories remained sparsely populated for a long time, because there were no roads leading here, and the harsh climate scared off many potential settlers. Fur extraction was the main occupation of the Komi population. The republic began to develop industrially during Soviet times, and the impetus, oddly enough, was the activities of the Gulag. The prisoners began mining coal, which was discovered here in the early 30s of the 20th century.

The Autonomous ASSR within the RSFSR was formed in 1921.

From time immemorial, the region was sparsely populated, but during Soviet times the number of inhabitants began to grow rapidly. According to Rosstat, at the beginning of 2018, 840,788 people made up the population of Komi. The republic has an area of 416,774 square kilometers. Of these, 7.7% are swamps and 1.5% are water, that is, non-residential surface. Thus, the average population density of the Komi Republic is 2.02 people per square meter. km. For comparison: the region ranks 13th in the country in terms of area. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Komi is only 16th. There is only one city in the Republic with a population of more than one hundred thousand people.

Population dynamics

At the time of the formation of the Republic, in 1920, there were only a little over two hundred thousand inhabitants. By 1959, their number increased to 815 thousand people. By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the population of the Komi Republic was 1.2 million inhabitants. Then a slow and steady decline began. People left for places with more favorable economic conditions. It was also affected by the fact that not everyone wanted to live in a harsh climate with polar night and low solarity. Every year, several tens of thousands of people leave the Republic.

Positive dynamics are observed only in the capital - Syktyvkar.

Demographics in the region

The birth rate in the Republic is positive. In general, 14 people are born per 1000 people, and 12.2 die. In the 1990s, the birth rate in Komi was significantly lower: from 8.5 to 9.2 people per thousand population. High mortality rates were observed in 2003-2005.

There is a small but population increase. Indicators for 2014 are 1.9. Despite the fact that the birth rate is growing steadily and the death rate is falling, the increase is small due to external migration.

Life expectancy of the population of the Komi Republic is 69.9 years. This is higher than in recent decades. So, for example, back in 2003 the duration was only 61.5 years.

Rural residents in the Republic are 24.3. Urban residents make up 75.7 percent of the total population of Komi. Almost a quarter of the republic is represented by the Komi people (23%). The average age of the urban population is 33.7 years, and the rural one is 36.8.

There are more women in Komi - 1106 per thousand men. Moreover, the average age of the male population is 32 years, and the female population is 36 years old.

The region's economy is mainly based on mining enterprises. Workers are employed primarily in companies in the oil and mining industries, as well as in logging and wood processing. GDP per capita is relatively high and amounts to 490 thousand rubles. However, despite the relatively high income, not all residents are employed. Unemployment is 9 percent. This is quite high by Russian standards. It is especially difficult for women between 25 and 50 years old to find work. Even in the specialty there are not always vacancies. This also has the consequence of an outflow of citizens from the Republic to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Settlement by region

Syktyvkar is the capital and most populated city of the Komi Republic. Its population density is 1609 people/sq. km. 244 thousand people live in Syktyvkar. Ukhta is the second largest city in the Komi Republic. Its population density is even higher - 7,500 people/sq. km. Almost one hundred thousand people live in the city. The third most populated city is Vorkuta. It has 58 thousand inhabitants. Another 40 thousand people live in Pechora and Isinka. The smallest city is Ust-Kulom. It has only 5,000 inhabitants.

As for the indigenous population of the cities of the Komi Republic, it should be noted that in Syktyvkar there are almost 26 percent of Zyryans, and in Vorkuta, for example, only 1.7. There are many Komi residents in the cities of Inta (11 percent), Pechora (13.2%), and Vuktyl (10.8%). Most of the indigenous people live in the Izhemsky district - 88.9 percent of them there. The highest population density is in the capital of the Republic and its surroundings. The least number is in the north of the region.

Ethnographic composition of the population

The number of Russians in the Republic has increased tenfold compared to 1926. Then the percentage of residents who considered themselves Russian was 6.62. Now this figure has increased to 65%.

The population of the Komi Republic is 23% represented by the indigenous ethnic group - the Komi-Zyryans. For comparison, in 1926 there was an overwhelming majority - 92%. In rural areas, this nationality is represented more than in cities. Zyryans live, in addition to the Komi Republic, also in Murmansk, Kirov, Arkhangelsk, Omsk and other regions. 1,500 residents of this ethnic group also live in Ukraine.

Other ethnic groups living in the Komi Republic: Ukrainians, Tatars, Belarusians, Germans. By the way, the German population has almost halved over the past few years - from 9246 to 5441 people.

Language of the population of the Republic

The overwhelming majority of residents consider Russian their native language.

It is interesting that despite the fact that the Komi-Zyryan people make up 23 percent of the population of the Republic (202,000 people), only 169 thousand people indicated the Komi language as their native language.

Religion

According to a 2012 survey, 41 percent of the population believes in a higher power. However, these people did not choose any particular religion. 34% of residents are Christians. Of these, 30% are Orthodox. Islam is practiced by 1 percent of the population. There are 14 percent of atheists in the Komi Republic. Another 1% are Old Believers.