National composition of the first Soviet government. Council of People's Commissars of Indigenous Nationality

Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (Sovnarkom of the RSFSR, Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR)- the name of the government until 1946. The Council consisted of people's commissars who led the people's commissariats (People's Commissariats, NK). After its formation, a similar body was created at the union level

Story

The Council of People's Commissars (SNK) was formed in accordance with the "Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars", adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917. Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Central Committee also instructed Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the government. During the Second Congress of Soviets, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries were offered to join the government, but they refused. The factions of the right Socialist Revolutionaries left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government. The name "Council of People's Commissars" was proposed: Power in St. Petersburg was won. We need to form a government.
- What to call him? - reasoned out loud. Just not ministers: this is a vile, worn-out name.
“We could be commissars,” I suggested, but now there are too many commissars. Perhaps high commissioners? No, “supreme” sounds bad. Is it possible to say “folk”?
- People's Commissars? Well, that'll probably do. What about the government as a whole?
- Council of People's Commissars?
“The Council of People’s Commissars,” Lenin picked up, “this is excellent: it smells terrible of revolution.” According to the Constitution of 1918, it was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
The Council of People's Commissars was the highest executive and administrative body of the RSFSR, having full executive and administrative power, the right to issue decrees having the force of law, while combining legislative, administrative and executive functions. The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of a temporary governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legally enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. Issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were resolved by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the Government, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the manager and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, and representatives of departments. The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the administration, which prepared issues for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, and received delegations. The administrative staff in 1921 consisted of 135 people. (according to the data of the TsGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, pp. 19 - 20.) By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars was transformed into the Council of Ministers.

Activity

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars consist of: managing the general affairs of the RSFSR, managing individual branches of management (Articles 35, 37), issuing legislative acts and taking measures “necessary for the correct and rapid flow of state life.” (Article 38) The People's Commissar has the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the Commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45). All adopted resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars are reported to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Article 39), which has the right to suspend and cancel a resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40). 17 people's commissariats are created (in the Constitution this figure is indicated erroneously, since in the list presented in Article 43 there are 18 of them). The following is a list of people's commissariats of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR in accordance with the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918:

For foreign affairs;
For military affairs;
For maritime affairs;
For internal affairs;
Justice;
Labor;
Social Security;
Enlightenment;
Posts and telegraphs;
Nationalities Affairs;
For financial matters;
Communication routes;
Commerce and Industry;
Food;
State control;
Supreme Council of the National Economy;
Healthcare.

Under each people's commissar and under his chairmanship, a collegium is formed, the members of which are approved by the Council of People's Commissars (Article 44). With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation. The organization, composition, competence and order of activity of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1925. From this moment on, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to the union departments. 11 people's commissariats were established:

Domestic trade;
Labor;
Finance;
Internal Affairs;
Justice;
Enlightenment;
Healthcare;
Agriculture;
Social Security;
VSNKh.

The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR now included, with the right of a decisive or advisory vote, representatives of the USSR People's Commissariats under the Government of the RSFSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR allocated, in turn, a permanent representative to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. (according to information from the SU, 1924, N 70, art. 691.) Since February 22, 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR have a single Administration. (based on materials from the TsGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 5, l. 8.) With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR on January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was accountable only to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and in the period between its sessions - to the Presidium of the Supreme Council RSFSR. Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR has included 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Administration of the RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):

Food Industry;
Light industry;
Forestry industry;
Agriculture;
Grain state farms;
Livestock farms;
Finance;
Domestic trade;
Justice;
Healthcare;
Enlightenment;
Local industry;
Utilities;
Social Security.

Also included in the Council of People's Commissars is the Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR and the head of the Department of Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

A well-known falsehood of anti-Semites is that they present false lists in which they claim that the first government of Soviet Russia consisted of only Jews! But this is complete nonsense, excuse the colloquial expression!
The article by war veteran Joseph Thälmann makes it clear. where do “legs grow” from, where did this nonsense about the “Jewish government” come from:

For several generations of anti-Semites, the most important source of “knowledge” was H. Ford’s book “International Jewry,” which was published in 1920. In his "work" Ford wrote that he once sailed on a ship where there were two prominent Jews, and they told him about the power in the hands of the Jewish race, and how they rule the world. Having thus understood the cause of wars and revolutions, the “car king” decided to bring it to the attention of his fellow citizens. He even developed a "new course in history." According to Ford, Jews in the United States provoked a war between the North and the South, organized the assassination of President Lincoln, etc. Karpov borrowed Ford’s fictions related to the history of Russia from him. Just one example. Ford wrote that the first Soviet government consisted entirely of Jews. This same “canard” was picked up by Vladimir Vasilyevich. Although he should know that in the government formed by Lenin in 1917, there was only one Jew, albeit a very influential one - Leon Trotsky.
By the way, in 1927, Ford, brought to trial, renounced his anti-Semitic fabrications and asked for forgiveness from the Jewish people. (With)

Here is actually that fragment from Ford’s book used by modern Black Hundreds http://rus-sky.com/history/library/ford.htm#XIX.
There Ford gives the following figure:
Council of People's Commissars: 22 members in total, of which 17 are Jews, accounting for 77%.
And detailed lists are available in large quantities on the Internet. Google them if you want to be convinced of the existence of this insanity.

But what was the composition of the first government of Soviet Russia in 1917.

The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia

People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - A. I. Rykov - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar of Agriculture - V.P. Milyutin - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov - Russian (Great Russian, from the Old Believers)
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs is a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko - Russians (Little Russians)
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar of Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov) - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky) - Jew (the only one!)
People's Commissar of Justice - G.I. Oppokov (Lomov) - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich - Pole
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov) - Russian (Great Russian)
People's Commissar for Nationalities - I.V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - Georgian (according to other sources - Ossetian)
People's Commissar for Railway Affairs - V. I. Nevsky (Krivobokov) - Russian (Great Russian)

No comments required.

I will only note about Lenin.
As is known, and this is a deeply proven fact, Lenin’s maternal grandfather was “from the Jews,” as it was written then. So, Alexander Dmitrievich Blank. This is Lenin's maternal grandfather. According to some reports, he is German. But it has been officially established that Alexander Dmitrievich is a cross. Before baptism, he bore the name Israel Moishevich Blank; according to Vladimir Lenin’s sister Anna Ulyanova, his name was Srul Moishevich Blank, despite the fact that he was the son of the Jew Moses Blank from Zhitomir who had already converted to Orthodoxy.
http://beta.novoteka.ru/?s=politics#nnn15105288
Another version from Olga Dmitrievna Ulyanova: A.D. Blank came from an Orthodox merchant family and was one of those people who “the conditions of the 19th century gave the opportunity to quickly move up the career ladder and leave their children the right to be considered nobles.” Also, according to M. Bychkova, A.D. Blank was a Russian from a Moscow merchant family.
Having ceased to be a Jew (a Jew in those days was defined by his faith - Judaism, and not by his nose, as among modern Black Hundreds and other fascists), Blank officially became Russian. He married a girl of German-Swedish origin, officially (on her father's side) a German Anna Grosshopf. Their daughter, Anna Blank, was Russian, baptized and a hereditary noblewoman. So Lenin was Russian. But we shouldn’t forget about its other roots. All of them, to some extent, influenced his personality. This is the Tatar eye shape from the father, and the German practicality and mentality from the mother. Thus, other peoples have always enriched the Russian people, bringing something of their own into it and making it even greater. This is our greatness - we are able to unite many nations and nationalities around us. I would like to maintain this quality.
And various anti-Semites and other xenophobes actually bring discord into this and thereby make things worse for the Russian people, first of all.

Since Ford dates the figures of his mythical “Jewish Council of People’s Commissars” to 1920, let’s see what its true composition was this year

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) - Russian (Great Russian)
1 - People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - F.E. Dzerzhinsky - Pole
2 - People's Commissar of Agriculture - S.P. Sereda - Russian (Little Russian)
3 - People's Commissar of Labor and Social Security (December 1919 - April 1920) - V.V. Schmidt - German, he has also been People's Commissar of Labor since April 1920; People's Commissar of Social Security since April 1920 - A.N. Vinokurov - Russian (Great Russian)
4 - People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky) - Jew
5 - People's Commissar for Trade and Industry (until June 1920, from June 1920 - People's Commissar for Foreign Trade) - L.B. Krasin - Russian (Great Russian)
6 - People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky - Russian (Great Russian)
7 - People's Commissar of Finance - N.N. Krestinsky - Russian (Little Russian; Molotov considered him to come from baptized Jews)
8 - People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - G.V. Chicherin - Russian (Great Russian)
9 - People's Commissar of Justice - D.I. Kursky - Russian (Great Russian)
10 - People's Commissar for Food Affairs - A.D. Tsyurupa - Russian (Little Russian)
11 - People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - V.N. Podbelsky (until February 1920) - Russian (Great Russian)
A.M. Lyubovich (from March 1920) - Jew
12 - People's Commissar for Nationalities - I.V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - Georgian (according to other sources - Ossetian)
13 - People's Commissar of Railways - until March 20, 1920 L.B. Krasin - Russian (Great Russian), from March 20 L.D. Bronstein (Trotsky) - Jew, from December 10, 1920 A.I. Emshanov - Russian (Great Russian)
14 - People's Commissar of State Control (from February 1920 - Rabkrin) - I.V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - Georgian (according to other sources - Ossetian)
15 - People's Commissar of Health - N.A. Semashko - Russian (Great Russian)

As you can see, only 2 Jews (and one more was suspected of belonging).

Article by Yuri Nersesov - http://svpressa.ru/society/article/69677/

The government of the world's first workers' and peasants' state was first formed as the Council of People's Commissars, which was created on October 26. (November 8) 1917, the day after the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, by the resolution of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on the formation of a workers' and peasants' government.

The decree written by V.I. Lenin stated that to govern the country, a Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars, was established "until the convening of the Constituent Assembly." V.I. Lenin was elected the first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, who served in this post for seven years (1917-1924) until his death. Lenin developed the basic principles of the activities of the Council of People's Commissars and the tasks facing the highest bodies of government of the Soviet Republic.

The name “Provisional” disappeared with the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was one-party - it included only Bolsheviks. The proposal to the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries to join the Council of People's Commissars was rejected by them. On Dec. In 1917, the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries entered the Council of People's Commissars and were in government until March 1918. They left the Council of People's Commissars due to disagreement with the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty and took the position of counter-revolution. Subsequently, the CHK was formed only by representatives of the Communist Party. According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the government of the Republic was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

The Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 determined the main functions of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. The general management of the activities of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR belonged to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The composition of the government was approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets or the Congress of Soviets. The Council of People's Commissars had the necessary full rights in the field of executive and administrative activities and, along with the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, enjoyed the right to issue decrees. Exercising executive and administrative power, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR supervised the activities of the People's Commissariats and other centers. departments, and also directed and controlled the activities of local authorities.

The Administration of the Council of People's Commissars and the Small Council of People's Commissars were created, which on January 23. (February 5) 1918 became a permanent commission of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR for preliminary consideration of issues submitted to the Council of People's Commissars and issues of current legislation for the management of the department of branches of public administration and government. In 1930 the Small Council of People's Commissars was abolished. By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 30, 1918, it was established under the leadership. V.I. Lenin Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense 1918-20. In April 1920 it was transformed into the Council of Labor and Defense (STO). The experience of the first Council of People's Commissars was used in state building in all the Union Soviet Socialist Republics.

After the unification of the Soviet republics into a single union state - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a union government was created - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The regulations on the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were approved by the Central Executive Committee on November 12, 1923.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and was its executive and administrative body. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR supervised the activities of all-Union and united (Union-Republican) People's Commissariats, considered and approved decrees and resolutions of all-Union significance within the limits of the rights provided for by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the provisions on the Council of People's Commissars of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, and other legislative acts. Decrees and resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were binding throughout the entire territory of the USSR and could be suspended and canceled by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and its Presidium. For the first time, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, headed by Lenin, was approved at the 2nd session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on July 6, 1923. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, according to the regulations on it in 1923, consisted of: chairman, deputy. Chairman, People's Commissar of the USSR; Representatives of the union republics participated in the meetings of the Council of People's Commissars with the right of an advisory vote.

According to the Constitution of the USSR, adopted in 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the USSR. It formed Top. Soviet Council of the USSR. The USSR Constitution of 1936 established the responsibility and accountability of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Top. Council, and in the period between sessions of the Top. Council of the USSR - its Presidium. According to the USSR Constitution of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR united and directed the work of the all-Union and Union-Republican People's Commissariats of the USSR and other economic and cultural institutions subordinate to it, took measures to implement the national economic plan, the state budget, provided leadership in the field of external relations with foreign states, supervised the general construction of the country's armed forces, etc. According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR had the right, in the branches of management and economics within the competence of the USSR, to suspend resolutions and orders of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republics and to cancel orders and instructions of the People's Commissariats of the USSR. Art. 71 of the USSR Constitution of 1936 established the right of deputy inquiry: a representative of the Council of People's Commissars or the People's Commissar of the USSR, to whom a request from a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is addressed, is obliged to give an oral or written answer in the appropriate chamber.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, according to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, was formed at the 1st session of the Supreme Council. Soviet of the USSR January 19 1938. June 30, 1941 by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme. The Council of the USSR, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR created the State Defense Committee (GKO), which concentrated all the fullness of state power in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45.

The Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic is the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the Union Republic. He is responsible to the Supreme Council of the Republic and is accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Council. Council - in front of the Presidium Top. The Council of the Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic are accountable to it, according to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, issues resolutions and orders on the basis of and in pursuance of the current laws of the USSR and the Union Republic, resolutions and orders of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and is obliged to verify their implementation.

Composition and formation of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR

An important step towards the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 was the Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, which opened on July 6, 1923.

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR formed the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and in its work was responsible to it and its Presidium (Article 37 of the Constitution). The chapters on the highest bodies of the USSR enshrine the unity of legislative and executive power.

To manage the branches of public administration, 10 People's Commissariats of the USSR were created (Chapter 8 of the USSR Constitution of 1924): five all-Union (for foreign affairs, military and naval affairs, foreign trade, communications, mail and telegraphs) and five united (the Supreme Council of the National Economy , food, labor, finance and workers' and peasants' inspection). All-Union People's Commissariats had their representatives in the Union republics. The United People's Commissariats exercised leadership on the territory of the Union republics through the people's commissariats of the same name of the republics. In other areas, management was carried out exclusively by the union republics through the corresponding republican people's commissariats: agriculture, internal affairs, justice, education, health care, social security.

The People's Commissariat of the USSR was headed by people's commissars. Their activities combined the principles of collegiality and unity of command. Under the People's Commissar, under his chairmanship, a collegium was formed, the members of which were appointed by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The People's Commissar had the right to make decisions individually, bringing them to the attention of the collegium. In case of disagreement, the board or its individual members could appeal the decision of the People's Commissar to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, without suspending the execution of the decision.

The second session approved the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and elected V.I. Lenin as its chairman.

Since V.I. Lenin was ill, the leadership of the Council of People's Commissars was carried out by five of his deputies: L.B. Kamenev, A.I. Rykov, A.D. Tsyurupa, V.Ya. Chubar, M.D. Orakhelashvili. The Ukrainian Chubar was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine from July 1923, and the Georgian Orakhelashvili was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the TSFSR, so they performed, first of all, their direct duties. From February 2, 1924, Rykov will become the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Rykov and Tsyurupa were Russian by nationality, and Kamenev was Jewish. Of the five deputies of the Council of People's Commissars, only Orakhelashvili had a higher education, the other four had a secondary education. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the direct successor to the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In addition to the chairman and his five deputies, the first Council of People's Commissars of the Union also included 10 people's commissars and the chairman of the OGPU with an advisory vote. Naturally, when selecting the leaders of the Council of People's Commissars, problems arose related to the necessary representation from the union republics.

The formation of the Union People's Commissariats also had its problems. The RSFSR People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade, Communications, Posts and Telegraphs, and Military and Naval Affairs were transformed into allied ones. The personnel of the People's Commissariats at that time was still formed mainly from former employees of the administrative apparatus and specialists from pre-revolutionary times. For employees who were workers before the revolution in 1921-1922. accounted for only 2.7%, which was explained by the lack of a sufficient number of literate workers. These employees automatically flowed from the Russian People's Commissariats to the Union ones, with a very small number of workers transferred from the national republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic is formed by the Supreme Council of the Union Republic, consisting of: the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic; Deputy Chairmen; Chairman of the State Planning Commission; People's Commissars: Food Industry; Light industry; Forestry industry; Agriculture; Grain and livestock state farms; Finance; Domestic trade; Internal Affairs; Justice; Healthcare; Enlightenment; Local industry; Utilities; Social Security; Authorized Procurement Committee; Head of the Department of Arts; Authorized All-Union People's Commissariats.

History of the legislative framework of the SNK

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars are:

· management of general affairs of the RSFSR, management of individual branches of management (Articles 35, 37)

· issuing legislative acts and taking measures “necessary for the correct and rapid flow of public life.” (v.38)

The People's Commissar has the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

All adopted resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars are reported to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Article 39), which has the right to suspend and cancel a resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40).

17 people's commissariats are being created (this figure is indicated erroneously in the Constitution, since there are 18 of them in the list presented in Article 43).

· on foreign affairs;

· on military affairs;

· on maritime affairs;

· on internal affairs;

· Justice;

· social security;

· education;

· Posts and telegraphs;

· on nationalities affairs;

· for financial matters;

· ways of communication;

· agriculture;

· trade and industry;

· food;

· State control;

· Supreme Council of the National Economy;

· health care.

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation. The organization, composition, competence and order of activity of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1925.

From this moment on, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to the Union departments. 11 people's commissariats were established:

· domestic trade;

· finance

· Internal Affairs

· Justice

· education

health care

· agriculture

social security

With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR on January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was accountable only to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and in the period between its sessions - to the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR has included 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Administration of the RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):

· Food Industry

· light industry

timber industry

· agriculture

grain state farms

livestock farms

· finance

· domestic trade

· Justice

health care

· education

local industry

· public utilities

social security

Also included in the Council of People's Commissars is the Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR and the Head of the Directorate for Arts Affairs under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

The revolutionary events of October 1917, developing rapidly, required clear action on the part of the leaders of the new government. It was necessary not only to take control of all aspects of the life of the state, but also to effectively manage them. The situation was complicated by the outbreak of civil conflict and the devastation in the economy caused by the First World War.

In the most difficult conditions of confrontation and struggle between different political forces, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted and approved by decree a decision to create a distribution body called the Council of People's Commissars.

The decree regulating the procedure for creating this body, as well as the definition of “people's commissar,” was completely prepared by Vladimir Lenin. Nevertheless, until the meeting, the Council of People's Commissars was considered a temporary committee.

Thus, the government of the new state was created. This marked the beginning of the formation of a central system of power and its institutions. The adopted resolution determined the basic principles in accordance with which the organization of the government body and its further activities was carried out.

The creation of the Commissars was the most important stage of the revolution. He demonstrated the ability of the people who came to power to organize themselves to effectively solve the problems of governing the country. In addition, the decision adopted by the Congress on October 27 became the starting point in the history of the creation of a new state.

The Council of People's Commissars included 15 representatives. They distributed leadership positions among themselves in accordance with the main branches of management. Thus, all spheres of economic and economic development, including foreign missions, the naval complex and the affairs of nationalities, were concentrated in the hands of one political force. The government was headed by V.I. Lenin. Membership was received by V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, N. V. Krylenko, A. V. Lunacharsky, I. V. Stalin and others.

At the time of the creation of the Council of People's Commissars, the railway department was temporarily left without a legitimate commissioner. The reason for this was Vikzhel’s attempt to take control of the industry into his own hands. The new appointment was postponed until the problem was resolved.

Became the first people's government and showed the ability of the worker-peasant class to create administrative structures. The emergence of such a body indicated the emergence of a fundamentally new level of organization of power. The government's activities were based on the principles of popular democracy and collegiality in making important decisions. The leading role was given to the party. A close connection between the government and the people was established. It is worth noting that the Council of People's Commissars, according to the resolution of the All-Russian Congress, was an accountable body. His activities were tirelessly monitored by other government structures, including the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.

The creation of a new government marked the victory of the revolutionary forces in Russia.

It was first elected at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on November 8 (October 26, old style) 1917, chaired by Vladimir Lenin, as a provisional workers' and peasants' government (until the convening of the Constituent Assembly). The management of individual branches of state life was carried out by commissions. Government power belonged to the board of chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. Control over the activities of the people's commissars and the right to remove them belonged to the All-Russian Congress of Councils of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central Executive Committee (CEC).

After the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets on January 31 (January 18, old style) 1918 decided to abolish the word “temporary” in the name of the Soviet government, calling it the “Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the Russian Soviet Republic.”

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918, the government was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

In connection with the formation of the USSR in December 1922, a union government was created - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, chaired by Vladimir Lenin (first approved at the second session of the USSR Central Executive Committee in July 1923).

In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, formed by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR for the term of office of the Central Executive Committee, the Council of People's Commissars of the union and autonomous republics - the Central Executive Committee of the corresponding republics. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was supposed to regularly report on the work done at the Congresses of Soviets of the USSR and sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

The competence of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR included the organization of direct management of the national economy and all other sectors of state life. This leadership was carried out through central sectoral bodies - non-unified (union) and united (union-republican) People's Commissariats of the USSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR supervised the activities of the People's Commissariats, reviewed their reports, and resolved disagreements between individual departments. He approved concession agreements, resolved disputes between the Councils of People's Commissars of the Union republics, considered protests and complaints against the decisions of the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR and other institutions under it, against the orders of the People's Commissars, approved the staff of all-Union institutions, and appointed their leaders.

The responsibility of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR included the adoption of measures to implement the national economic plan and the state budget and to strengthen the monetary system, to ensure public order, to carry out general management in the field of external relations with foreign states, etc.

Legislative work was also entrusted to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: it preliminary considered draft decrees and resolutions, which were then submitted for approval by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and its presidium; from the beginning of the 1930s, all bills had to be previously submitted for consideration to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, although this was not provided for by the constitution .

The Constitution of 1936 added to the definition of the place of government in the state mechanism. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was defined as "the highest executive and administrative body of state power." The word "supreme" was absent from the 1924 Constitution.
According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the union and autonomous republics were formed, respectively, by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Councils of the union and autonomous republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (SC) and accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Council it was responsible to the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council, to which it was accountable. The Council of People's Commissars could issue decrees and orders binding on the entire territory of the USSR on the basis and in pursuance of existing laws and verify their implementation.

Orders, as state acts, began to be issued by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1941.

To successfully implement the functions assigned to it, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR could create committees, directorates, commissions and other institutions.

Subsequently, a large network of special departments emerged in various branches of public administration, operating under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

The chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were Vladimir Lenin (1923-1924), Alexei Rykov (1924-1930), Vyacheslav Molotov (1930-1941), Joseph Stalin (1941-1946).

In the post-war period, in order to introduce names generally accepted in international state practice, by the law of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 15, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the People's Commissariats into ministries.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

National composition of the first Soviet government. Council of People's Commissars of Indigenous Nationality

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